福建东山岛海岸带潺槁树种群生命表分析

为揭示海岸带天然植被中潺槁树种群生命过程,对东山岛海岸带风积沙地潺槁树林进行调查和数据统计,通过编制种群生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析了其种群的年龄结构。结果表明,该种群的年龄结构呈反J分布型、属于增长型种群。其存活曲线介于Deevey-Ⅱ型和Deevey-Ⅲ型之间,呈现2个死亡高峰。4个生存函数值(生存率、积累死亡率、死亡密度、危险率)均说明该种群具有前期增长、后期稳定的特点。潺槁树是南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林优势种之一,对土壤、光的适应性强且生长迅速的一种优良前顶极种。研究结果对海岸带天然植被的恢复和重建提供了早期研究基础。     

Expression of Nicotiana glutinosa Ribonucleases in Escherichia coli

We previously isolated from Nicotiana glutinosa leaves three distinct cDNA clones, NGR1, NGR2, and NGR3, encoding a wound-inducible RNase NW, and putative RNases NGR2 and NGR3, respectively. In this study, we produced RNases NW and NGR3 in Escherichia coli and purified them to homogeneity. RNase NGR3 had non-absolute specificity toward polynucleotides, although RNase NW preferentially cleaved polyinosinic acid (Poly I). Both RNases NW and NGR3 were more active toward diribonucleoside monophosphates ApG, CpU, and GpU. Furthermore, kinetic parameters for RNase NW (K _m, 0.778 mM and k _cat, 1938 min^?1) and RNase NGR3 (K _m, 0.548 mM and k _cat, 408 min^?1) were calculated using GpU as a substrate.     

Photosynthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rehmannia glutinosa</Emphasis> subjected to drought stress is enhanced by choline chloride through alleviating lipid peroxidation and increasing proline accumulation

Rehmannia glutinosa seedlings were pretreated with choline chloride (CC) in concentrations of 0, 0.7, 2.1 and 3.5 mM, and then subjected to drought and rewatering treatment to study the effects of CC on the generation of reactive oxygen species (O₂⁻, H₂O₂), lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, water status and photosynthesis. The results showed that pretreatment with CC alleviated the inhibition of SOD and APX activity caused by drought stress, and therefore, the rate of O₂⁻ production and H₂O₂ concentration were reduced and lipid peroxidation decreased in pretreated plants. CC pretreatment also accelerated accumulation of proline, maintained higher Ψw and RWC, deferred leaf water loss during drought stress and retarded the drop in proline concentration after rewatering. Consequently, drought-induced decreases in F_m/F₀, F_v/F_m, Φ_PS2, q_P, and A and increase in q_NP were inhibited and the recovery of photosynthesis after rewatering was quicker in pretreated plants. Although differences in F_v/F_m, Φ_PS2 and q_P between treatments were not significant, there was a general trend that the effects of CC increased with the rise of its concentrations. The data suggested that 2.1 mM of CC be suitable for alleviating lipid peroxidation, promoting proline accumulation, retarding leaf water loss and improving photosynthesis of R. glutinosa seedlings under drought stress.     

地黄属种间亲缘关系研究

对地黄属6个物种进行了形态解剖学观察、染色体计数、核核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)序列分析.结果表明,茎的高度、幼叶形态、花萼和花冠形态及颜色、种子千粒重和大小、外种皮网壁厚度、外种皮内侧网纹直径等均是该属内分类的可靠依据.高地黄与裂叶地黄在外部形态及解剖结构的各个方面均极为近似,地黄与茄叶地黄间也存在较大的相似性.茄叶地黄、高地黄、湖北地黄、天目地黄的染色体数目,分别为n=28、14、14、14,确认地黄和茄叶地黄为属内四倍体物种,其余种均为二倍体.ITS测序分析显示,地黄属为单系起源,天目地黄与湖北地黄、高地黄与裂叶地黄、地黄与茄叶地黄构成属内3个分支,与形态学及细胞学研究结果一致.研究认为,天目地黄与湖北地黄有较近的亲缘关系;高地黄和裂叶地黄应为同一物种;地黄与茄叶地黄是属内进化水平最高的类群.     

Ultrastructure of Necrotic Lesions in Nicotiana glutinosa Leaves Locally Infected with a Variant of Cucumber mosaic virus

CMV(Y/GM2)tr is a variant of Cucumber mosaic virus strain Y [CMV(Y)] which infects Nicotiana species, including N. glutinosa, to induce necrotic local lesions (NLLs) in inoculated leaves, although all other CMV strains including CMV(Y) systemically infect Nicotiana species. To investigate the morphological features of this unique host response in N. glutinosa leaves infected with CMV(Y/GM2)tr, the ultrastructure of cells surrounding completely collapsed NLLs in virus‐inoculated N. glutinosa leaves was compared with that of normal cells of mock‐inoculated N. glutinosa leaves. The changes, which have been reported in other several virus–host plant systems showing the hypersensitive response (HR), were frequently observed in cells surrounding the NLLs. Furthermore, clumping of the nuclear matrix within the nuclei, which is a feature of programmed cell death, also occurred in these cells. These results indicated that the HR‐like host response occurred at the fine structural level in the cells of N. glutinosa plants infected with CMV(Y/GM2)tr.     

Relationship between the chromatoid body and the acrosomal system in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa L.

Summary A transient close relationship between the chromatoid body and the developing acrosome is demonstrated in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa.This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and Humanities (NAVF, Grant Nr. D 61.44) and the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Projekt 2183     

地黄GGPPS1基因克隆及表达分析

以地黄为材料,通过分析地黄转录组数据,设计特异性引物,克隆了地黄牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶（geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase,GGPPS）基因的cDNA序列,命名为RgGGPPS1,GenBank登录号为KU258808。同时在生物信息学分析的基础上,进行原核表达、纯化以及组织特异性表达分析。结果显示：（1）RgGGPPS1基因开放阅读框为987 bp,编码328个氨基酸。（2）生物信息学分析结果显示,RgGGPPS1蛋白含有2个富含天冬氨酸的基序(DDXXXXDD和DDXXD),与芝麻等双子叶植物中的GGPPS蛋白相似性较高。（3）利用构建的原核表达载体pET 32a RgGGPPS1在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中成功表达RgGGPPS1重组蛋白,采用Ni²⁺亲和层析得到了纯化的RgGGPPS1重组蛋白。（4）荧光定量PCR结果显示,RgGGPPS1基因在根中表达量最高,叶、茎中表达量较低。研究结果为进一步研究RgGGPPS1基因在地黄环烯醚萜苷生物合成途径中的功能奠定了基础。     

地黄育种研究进展

地黄是一种玄参科药用植物,是我国著名的"四大怀药"之一,具有重要的药用价值和经济价值。该文综述了地黄的引种、选择育种、杂交育种、组织培养辅助育种、转基因育种和DNA分子标记辅助育种等育种研究的成果,以期为地黄育种工作者提供参考。